Classes 1a and 2a are mainly classes of relationship terms in isindebele, but nonrelationship terms such as surnames, proper nouns, types of animals, fruit and vegetables, are also found. Noun classes article about noun classes by the free. Ndebele definition of ndebele by the free dictionary. Books in isindebele books in isindebele jan 05 the books in this.
The article starts by defining the zulu noun class system and briefly discusses the classification criteria. Lemmatisation of vowel commencing borrowed nouns and the. Once you know these noun classes, you will be able to use any noun. Pluralizing nouns across agglutinating bantu languages acl. It is one of the official languages of south africa. As shown in the table the verb not only takes the subject and object concords, but also the negative subject concord. Teaching ndebele grammar using isichazamazwi sesindebele. Noun classes lexicalgrammatical categories characteristic of some of the worlds languages african, northern caucasian, north american indian, and certain other languages, the. Th e standardisation of the ndebele language th rough. This study investigates the linguistic relationship between southern and northern ndebele. Noun classes are similar in concept to grammatical gender in many european languages, as the noun class determines how other. The case of isindebele 1liketso dube, 2bhekezakhe ncube 1great zimbabwe university,faculty of. Urbantu noun classes that do not occur in the nguni languages are classes 12, 19 and 20 while the content of classes 16 and 18 in these languages have been channelled to.
Toward a knowledgetotext controlled natural language of isizulu 5 table 1 zulu noun classes nc, with an example for each noun class, based on meinho s classi cation, and the kind of. Ndebele definition and meaning collins english dictionary. Anc caucus gpl isindebele the isindebele language, of. There are 18 active noun classes in ndebele and each noun lemma in the isn is assigned to the relevant class, with the exception of classes 12 and. The focus is on the historical background of the two main south african ndebele groups, covering. Isindebele definition and meaning collins english dictionary.
Toward a knowledgetotext controlled natural language of. More example sentences the official language is english. A sociolinguistics of loan words classification in zulu. Semiautomated extraction of morphological grammars for. Rycroft school of oriental and african studies, university of london 1. Even though they are classified as a different part of speech to nouns, pronouns are nouns. If you are familiar with the ipa then please add some. Most nouns ending in o preceded by a consonant are formed into a plural by adding es. The standardisation of the ndebele language through. This blog gives you some simple appreciation of the isindebele language. You have two lists to look up words from, a shona word list default, and an english word list.
Semiautomated extraction of morphological grammars for nguni with special reference to southern ndebele laurette pretorius, sonja bosch. The locative prefix locpre and locative suffix locsuf, nounclass prefix, noun. Kiswahilis vowel harmony there are 9 noun classes in kiswahili. Once the noun classes have been identified the borrowed nouns will be classified accordingly. Standard shona english translation ndebele ndebele people are a bantu ethnic group in southern africa, who share a common ndebele culture and ndebele. Using the prefixes, nouns can be grouped into noun classes, which are numbered consecutively, to ease. Th e standardisation of the ndebele language th rough dictionarymaking samukele hadebe a dissertation submitted in partial ful. The linguistic relationship between southern and northern. Lamhla, let us look at a summary of the noun classes in isindebele.
Isindebele is the beautiful and expressive language of the matabele amandebele people of zimbabwe and is spoken in southern africa. The tsonga language xitsonga is a southern african bantu language spoken by the tsonga people, who are mainly found in south africa and southern mozambique. There are 18 active noun classes in ndebele and each noun lemma in. Page 5 of 5 zulu globally speaking page 5 noun classes more on greetings. The shona word list can be accessed by clicking on the shona radio selection, likewise the english. According to this structure, each noun in the african languages belongs to a certain noun class. Noun classes ngeli za kiswahili nouns in kiswahili are grouped into various noun classes because of two main reasons. Ndebele synonyms, ndebele pronunciation, ndebele translation, english dictionary definition of ndebele. The first outcome is that meinhofs 1948 specification of the noun classes are indeed inadequate for. Originally each class had a specific demarcated content, but today most classes have a. The african ejournals project has digitized full text of.
The lessons are highlighted to help you find the next lesson to go to. Isindebele is one of the 11 official languages recognized by the south african constitution, and in 2006 it was determined that just under 600 000 south africans speak isindebele as a home. In american english, most collective nouns are treated as singular, with a singular verb. One way of preventing this from being a mere nominal proclamation, is by making scientific studies. An abstract noun is a noun which refers to ideas, qualities, and conditions things that cannot be seen or touched and things which have no physical reality, e. Registration msu union second floor concourse, next to ballroom. Up to class 10 singular and plural noun classes are regularly paired, with unevennumbered classes usually containing singular nouns and the evennumbered classes containing plural. Morphological and phonological structure in zulu reduplication. Extended exponence in isindebele morphology scielo. Globally speaking spring 2017 isizulu syllabus class times. Peppercorn catalog 6, books in african languages books in isindebele c1 view sample pages at. Each noun class has both a singular and a plural form, to make 18 total. Nouns are put into noun classes categories based on their prefixes. Whether youre a student, an educator, or a lifelong learner, can put you on the path to systematic vocabulary.
Zakhele amaphowusta cabanga ngalokho okuthabisa abantwana abakhambela isiqhema sakho sokufunda ndawonye bese uzenzela iinhloko ezisetjenzisiweko lezi. Hero heroes grotto grottoes although some may add s or es. Collective nouns refer to groups of people or things, e. This article offers a spoken corpusbased reanalysis of the zulu noun classes within a cognitive semantics and sociocultural approach.
Some ndebele noun class prefixes have allomorphs, which are pho nologically conditioned. Northern ndebele language the reader wiki, reader view. Pronouns are one of the eight parts of speech which are adjectives, adverbs. This will help to observe which noun classes classify more borrowed nouns than others. A noun prefix tells us what type of noun it is, and it tells us. Afrikaans and english nouns channelled to these classes are western nouns that refer to public. This paper focuses on headedness and extended exponence in isindebele. Maria keet, langa khumalo2 1 department of computer science, university of cape town, south africa. Zulu has 14 noun classes, numbering from 1 to 17 with some. Isindebele home language macmillan education south africa. The northern ndebele noun consists of two essential parts, the prefix and the stem. Within each chapter, references are subcategorised into.
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